Course Content
UNIT 1 | Effects of our Actions on the Environment
"Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations or battles over clean water."
0/8
1.1 Reading Comprehension: Can we do anything?
03:59
1.2 Speaking: Identifying a problem leading to the solution
09:11
1.3 Language Practice: Possessive Pronouns
04:28
1.4 Writing: Paragraph Writing
05:36
1.5 Study Skills: Free Writing
01:35
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:37
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Possessive Pronouns
ESL Games 🕹️🎮🎶
00:00
UNIT 2 | Social Etiquettes and Manners
"Social etiquette is a set of rules, manners, and actions that help people to portray themselves as pleasant, polished, and professional human beings. People who are social etiquette experts know how to behave and look their best in various social situations. Social etiquette shows you how to behave in different social settings, so you don’t have to question your behavior. Learning social etiquette can teach you how to communicate effectively and nicely. Social etiquette can help you to look more professional and make a good impression."
0/8
2.1 Reading Comprehension: Problems and Solutions
01:15
2.2 Language Practice: Articles in English
07:13
2.3 Writing: Informal Letters
03:56
2.4 Study Skills: Cloze passage
02:03
2.5 Creative Writing
01:25
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:54
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Articles in English
ESL Games 🕹️🎮🎶
00:00
UNIT 3 | Awareness of Crisis, Accidents and Natural Calamities
"Natural disasters can encourage social cohesion and better relationships. When disasters strike, humans have a tendency to get together and show their traits and put them to work. It is during these times that we may work together and realize that all people are the same and have the same basic needs. Friendships may be formed and new things may come to life. The key to reducing loss of life, personal injuries, and damage from natural disasters is widespread public awareness and education. People must be made aware of what natural hazards they are likely to face in their own communities."
0/6
3.1 Reading Comprehension: Learning to live in a critical situation
02:40
3.2 Speaking: Reasons for expressing ability and inability to do something
03:02
3.3 Language Practice: Conditional sentences
05:08
3.4 Writing: Essay Writing
13:52
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:25
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Reading Things
UNIT 4 | Awareness of and Empathy with Special People
"Developing social awareness and empathy takes time, effort, intention, and choice. No one is born with the ability to be perfectly informed and sensitive when it comes to the many complex social issues in our world.” Empathy is the ability to understand what another person is going through. It’s the ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes and to feel what they are feeling. It’s about being respectful and standing in solidarity with marginalized groups."
0/6
4.1 Reading Comprehension: The blind boy
06:34
4.2 Making Wishes In Future Tense
07:02
4.3 Language Practice: Forming Adjectives
07:05
4.4 Question Words
03:40
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:32
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Future Tenses
UNIT 5 | Historical & Cultural Places of Pakistan
"Old buildings have intrinsic value." The stories of how places in Pakistan came to be have created historical sites and local culture. People enjoy visiting these places. The cultural and historic heritage defines a place as it captures the local design, festivities, and themes. These characteristics are often displayed in hospitality, signage, public art, and even music. Civic buildings such as libraries, schools, auditoriums, and government offices are public places that can benefit people through healthy design and their communities through shared use. Cultural and historical sites give a place a sense of identity while creating opportunities for community pride and tourism."
0/5
5.1 Reading Comprehension: Pakistan home to ancient civilization
04:35
5.2 Language Practice: Present Perfect Tense
05:56
5.3 Articles in English
15:03
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
03:08
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Present Perfect Tense
UNIT 6 | Media as a Source of Knowledge
"Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just a few clicks of the mouse or by simply switching on the radio or television, apart from glancing at the newspaper every morning! Media is the plural form for medium and involves the collective communication sources or mediums including television, radio, newspapers, internet, social media sites, and various relevant sites and blogs. The main purpose of media is to disseminate information and knowledge."
0/5
6.1 Reading Comprehension: Different Newspaper News
03:05
6.2 Language Practice: Use of Since and For
05:17
6.3 Writing: Narrative Writing
05:19
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
03:06
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Since/For Techniques
UNIT 7 | Learning Organized Approach through Identifying
"Continuous improvement programs are sprouting up all over as organizations strive to better themselves and gain an edge. The topic list is long and varied, and sometimes it seems as though a program a month is needed just to keep up. Solving a problem, introducing a product, and reengineering a process all require seeing the world in a new light and acting accordingly."
0/5
7.1 Reading Comprehension: Rafia Wedding
03:59
7.2 Language Practice: Position of Adverbs
03:30
7.3 Writing: Descriptive Essay Writing
09:03
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
00:00
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Adverbs
English – VII
About Lesson
Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense is a tense used in present to indicate the action that has taken place at some specific time. It uses auxiliary verb and past participle for the main verb i.e. verb + ed.

Thus, you will see that the construction of this verb tense is straightforward. Have or has is the first element which depends on the subject-verb is conjugated with. Similarly, the second element is the past participle of the very. It forms generally by adding –ed or –d to the root of the verb.

For instance, talked, leaned, wiped, mixed, and more. However, the English language does contain a few verbs that have irregular past participles. For instance, done, won, eaten, gone, thought, and more.

Present Perfect Sentences for Describing

We use present perfect tense to describe:

An action or situation which began in the past and is continuing to the present. I have lived in Mumbai since 1995. It means you are still living in Mumbai.

An action performed during a period that has not finished yet. He has been to the zoo thrice this month. It means the month is not over yet.

A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and present. They have visited London multiple times.

An action that was completed in the very recent past. ‘Just’ is used to express it. We have just completed our assignment.

An action when the time does not carry much importance. She has read ‘Harry Potter’. Here, the result of her reading carries importance.

Examples of Present Perfect Tense

Unspecified Time Before Now

We make use of the present perfect tense to say that an action took place at an unspecified time before now. Thus, the exact time is not of that much importance. Do NOT use the present perfect with particular time expressions like yesterday, two years ago, last month, when I was a kid, when I lived in Gujarat, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. You can use the present perfect with unspecific expressions like ever, once, several times, never, already, many times, so far, yet, and more.

Examples –

  • We have seen that video ten times.
  • I think I have met her once before.
  • There have been many wildfires on Amazon.
  • Astronauts have traveled to the Moon.
  • They have not traveled to Jupiter.
  • Have you read the thesis yet?
  • Nobody has ever visited that haunted house.
Rules for using the Present Perfect

We understand that the concept of ‘unspecified time’ can be very confusing to English learners. Thus, it will help in associating present perfect with the following topics:

Experience

We can make use of the present perfect for describing our experience. For instance, ‘I have the experience of…’ Similarly, this tense can also be used to say that you have never had a particular experience. We do not use the present perfect for describing a particular event.

Examples –

  • I have been to New York.
  • Through this statement, you are telling me that you have had the experience of visiting New York. It may be that you visited it once or multiple times.
  • I have been to New York five times.
  • The number of times can be added at the end of the sentence.
  • I have never been to New York.
  • Through this sentence, you will say that you have not had the experience of visiting New York.
  • I think I have seen that video before.
  • She has never traveled by car.
  • Tina has studied four foreign languages.
Change Over Time

Present perfect is also used to denote the change that has occurred over a certain period of time.

Examples –

  • You have grown since the last time I saw you.
  • The school has become more interested in extra-curricular activities.
  • French has become one of the most popular courses at the school since the Foreign Language program was established.
  • My Telugu has significantly improved since I moved to Telangana.
Achievements

The use of the present perfect is also done to list the achievements of people and humanity. But, you cannot mention a particular time.

Examples –

  • Man has walked on the Moon.
  • Scientists have split the atom.
  • Our daughter has learned how to dance.
  • Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
Uncompleted Action You are Expecting

We use the present perfect to tell about an action which we are expecting but has not happened yet. Using the present perfect will suggest that you are still waiting for the action to occur.

Examples –

  • Rahul has not completed his project yet.
  • Priya hasn’t mastered Bengali, but she can communicate.
  • Pete has still not reached.
  • The rain hasn’t stopped.
Multiple Actions at Different Times

The present perfect tense is also used to talk about multiple different actions that have happened in the past at different times. It suggests the process is not complete and there is a possibility of more actions.

Examples –

  • The army has attacked the neighboring country two times.
  • We have had two competitions and five events so far this year.
  • I have had a lot of problems while teaching junior classes.
  • He has talked to multiple doctors about her problem, but nobody can figure out the reason for her illness.
Exercise Files
PresentPerfect.pdf
Size: 681.19 KB
Present Perfect Tense.pdf
Size: 36.60 KB
The-Complete-Guide-to-the-Present-Perfect-Tense-in-English.pdf
Size: 167.92 KB
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