Course Content
UNIT 1 | Effects of our Actions on the Environment
"Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water. These negative impacts can affect human behavior and can prompt mass migrations or battles over clean water."
0/8
1.1 Reading Comprehension: Can we do anything?
03:59
1.2 Speaking: Identifying a problem leading to the solution
09:11
1.3 Language Practice: Possessive Pronouns
04:28
1.4 Writing: Paragraph Writing
05:36
1.5 Study Skills: Free Writing
01:35
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:37
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Possessive Pronouns
ESL Games 🕹️🎮🎶
00:00
UNIT 2 | Social Etiquettes and Manners
"Social etiquette is a set of rules, manners, and actions that help people to portray themselves as pleasant, polished, and professional human beings. People who are social etiquette experts know how to behave and look their best in various social situations. Social etiquette shows you how to behave in different social settings, so you don’t have to question your behavior. Learning social etiquette can teach you how to communicate effectively and nicely. Social etiquette can help you to look more professional and make a good impression."
0/8
2.1 Reading Comprehension: Problems and Solutions
01:15
2.2 Language Practice: Articles in English
07:13
2.3 Writing: Informal Letters
03:56
2.4 Study Skills: Cloze passage
02:03
2.5 Creative Writing
01:25
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:54
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Articles in English
ESL Games 🕹️🎮🎶
00:00
UNIT 3 | Awareness of Crisis, Accidents and Natural Calamities
"Natural disasters can encourage social cohesion and better relationships. When disasters strike, humans have a tendency to get together and show their traits and put them to work. It is during these times that we may work together and realize that all people are the same and have the same basic needs. Friendships may be formed and new things may come to life. The key to reducing loss of life, personal injuries, and damage from natural disasters is widespread public awareness and education. People must be made aware of what natural hazards they are likely to face in their own communities."
0/6
3.1 Reading Comprehension: Learning to live in a critical situation
02:40
3.2 Speaking: Reasons for expressing ability and inability to do something
03:02
3.3 Language Practice: Conditional sentences
05:08
3.4 Writing: Essay Writing
13:52
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:25
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Reading Things
UNIT 4 | Awareness of and Empathy with Special People
"Developing social awareness and empathy takes time, effort, intention, and choice. No one is born with the ability to be perfectly informed and sensitive when it comes to the many complex social issues in our world.” Empathy is the ability to understand what another person is going through. It’s the ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes and to feel what they are feeling. It’s about being respectful and standing in solidarity with marginalized groups."
0/6
4.1 Reading Comprehension: The blind boy
06:34
4.2 Making Wishes In Future Tense
07:02
4.3 Language Practice: Forming Adjectives
07:05
4.4 Question Words
03:40
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
02:32
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Future Tenses
UNIT 5 | Historical & Cultural Places of Pakistan
"Old buildings have intrinsic value." The stories of how places in Pakistan came to be have created historical sites and local culture. People enjoy visiting these places. The cultural and historic heritage defines a place as it captures the local design, festivities, and themes. These characteristics are often displayed in hospitality, signage, public art, and even music. Civic buildings such as libraries, schools, auditoriums, and government offices are public places that can benefit people through healthy design and their communities through shared use. Cultural and historical sites give a place a sense of identity while creating opportunities for community pride and tourism."
0/5
5.1 Reading Comprehension: Pakistan home to ancient civilization
04:35
5.2 Language Practice: Present Perfect Tense
05:56
5.3 Articles in English
15:03
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
03:08
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Present Perfect Tense
UNIT 6 | Media as a Source of Knowledge
"Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just a few clicks of the mouse or by simply switching on the radio or television, apart from glancing at the newspaper every morning! Media is the plural form for medium and involves the collective communication sources or mediums including television, radio, newspapers, internet, social media sites, and various relevant sites and blogs. The main purpose of media is to disseminate information and knowledge."
0/5
6.1 Reading Comprehension: Different Newspaper News
03:05
6.2 Language Practice: Use of Since and For
05:17
6.3 Writing: Narrative Writing
05:19
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
03:06
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Since/For Techniques
UNIT 7 | Learning Organized Approach through Identifying
"Continuous improvement programs are sprouting up all over as organizations strive to better themselves and gain an edge. The topic list is long and varied, and sometimes it seems as though a program a month is needed just to keep up. Solving a problem, introducing a product, and reengineering a process all require seeing the world in a new light and acting accordingly."
0/5
7.1 Reading Comprehension: Rafia Wedding
03:59
7.2 Language Practice: Position of Adverbs
03:30
7.3 Writing: Descriptive Essay Writing
09:03
3️⃣ Minute English 💡 💬
00:00
Quiz Yourself 💭🤔💭 | Adverbs
English – VII
About Lesson
The words that add a description to a sentence and alter nouns are known as Adjectives. The words that describe a name, place, person, animal, thing, or that depict the number of the noun are known as adjectives which mean added to. Adjectives are one of the important parts of speech. It could be any single or compound word that modifies the noun.

Forming English adjectives

We can create adjectives from nouns, verbs or even other adjectives by using suffixes (endings) and prefixes (letters placed before the word).

Examples:
child → childish (noun + suffix)
inform → informative (verb + suffix)
possible → impossible (prefix + adjective)

Although there are many common prefixes and suffixes, there are no fixed rules that tell us when to use which one. The best way to learn is through repetition and practice – which is why Lingolia offers plenty of online exercises to help you master English adjectives.

Making adjectives with suffixes

Many adjectives are formed by adding suffixes (endings) to nouns and verbs.

Many suffixes only fulfil a grammatical role and simply indicate that the word is now an adjective, but there are some suffixes that carry their own meaning:

  • The suffix -less means without something, whereas the suffix -ful usually means to have something.
Example:
hopeful ≠ hopeless
  • However, only few adjectives can be made into opposite pairs like this.
Examples:
homeless
but not: homeful
beautiful
but not: beautiless
  • We can add the suffix -ish to nouns and adjectives to change their meaning to like something.
Examples:
Don’t be childish.
= like a child
The jacket is a bluish colour.
= like blue
  • For some materials, we can add the suffix -en to create adjectives that mean made of.
Examples:
A wooden chair.
A woollen jumper.
  • When added to a verb, the suffix -able creates adjectives that express ability.
Examples:
Is the water drinkable?
= can you drink it?

Typical adjective endings

There is no general rule for forming adjectives. We know they are adjectives usually by what they do (their function) in a sentence. However, some word endings (suffixes) are typical of adjectives.

Some adjectives can be identified by their endings. Typical adjective endings include:

  1. -able/-ible understandable, capable, readable, incredible
  2. -al mathematical, functional, influential, chemical
  3. -ful beautiful, bashful, helpful, harmful
  4. -ic artistic, manic, rustic, terrific
  5. -ive submissive, intuitive, inventive, attractive
  6. -less sleeveless, hopeless, groundless, restless
  7. -ous gorgeous, dangerous, adventurous, fabulous

Sometimes when adding these endings changes have to be made. Here are some rules for forming adjectives and their exceptions:

Add Exceptions Word Adjective
-al If ending with an ‘e‘, drop nature nature Nature
Function		 Natural
Functional
-y If ending with an ‘e‘, drop it Ice
policy		 Icy
Oily
-full If ending with a ‘y‘, replace with a ‘beauty beauty Beauty
Peace		 Beautiful
Peaceful
-ous/-ious If ending with a ‘y‘, drop mystery mystery Mystery
Danger		 Mysterious
Dangerous
-ic If ending with a ‘y‘, drop in history history History
Rust		 Historic
Rustic

Forming adjectives from nouns and verbs

Adjectives can be formed from different words. They can be formed from nouns:

Noun Adjective
accident accidental
danger dangerous
length long
star starry
wind windy

From verbs:

Verb Adjective
enjoy enjoyable
help helpful
obey obedient
play playful
talk talkative

Or even from other adjectives:

Adjective Adjective
comic comical
correct corrective
elder elderly
red reddish
sick sickly

Examples of forming adjectives

  1. Our house color is a kind of yellow. → We live in a yellowish house.
  2. He often acts like a child. → He often acts childishly.
  3. The event was a big success. → We enjoyed a successful event.
  4. We enjoyed the sound of the drum’s rhythm. → We enjoyed the drum’s rhythmic sound.
  5. She adopted a dog without a home. → She adopted a homeless dog.
  6. Lookout, that plant is poison. → Look out for that poisonous plant.
  7. It looks like it will rain today. → It looks like we’ll have rainy weather today.
  8. She always acts with courtesy. → She always behaves courteously.
  9. Her hair is pretty. → She has the prettiest hair.
  10. We go for a walk each day. → We go for a daily walk.
Exercise Files
word_formation__noun_and_adjective_suffixes.pdf
Size: 634.25 KB
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